Generated from prompt:
Create an 11-slide presentation in classy, scientific style titled 'Programmed Cell Death (Apoptosis) in Development'. Include real scientific microscopy-style images (apoptotic cells, C. elegans, developmental biology visuals) and one portrait of a Nobel laureate (Sydney Brenner). Slides: 1) Title Slide, 2) Introduction, 3) Discovery of Apoptosis, 4) Sydney Brenner’s Contribution, 5) John Sulston’s Work, 6) H. Robert Horvitz’s Findings, 7) The 2002 Nobel Prize, 8) Mechanisms of Apoptosis, 9) Role in Development, 10) Apoptosis in Health & Disease, 11) Summary & Acknowledgments. Output as downloadable PDF presentation with elegant white and blue-gray theme.
Explores apoptosis discovery, mechanisms, and role in development via C. elegans studies by Brenner, Sulston, & Horvitz (2002 Nobel). Covers health/disease impacts with scientific images. (148 chars)
This title slide focuses on "Programmed Cell Death (Apoptosis) in Development." Its subtitle explores the role of apoptosis in developmental biology.
Exploring the role of apoptosis in developmental biology
Apoptosis is programmed cell death essential for development, balancing cell proliferation and elimination. It plays a critical role in organ formation and immune system development.
The term "apoptosis" was coined by Kerr, Wyllie, and Currie in 1972. It refers to cell death observed in normal physiological tissues and distinguished from necrosis by morphology.
Sydney Brenner's slide highlights his pioneering use of C. elegans as a model organism. It notes his studies on invariant cell lineages and foundational work in apoptosis research.
Source: Wikipedia
John Sulston mapped the complete cell lineage of C. elegans and identified 131 programmed cell deaths. He demonstrated genetic regulation of apoptosis and established C. elegans as a key model organism.
Source: Sulston et al., Nobel Prize 2002
H. Robert Horvitz discovered the ced-3/ced-4 genes encoding caspases and identified ced-9 as a regulator of the apoptotic pathway. His findings demonstrated the conservation of these mechanisms across species and established the core machinery of programmed cell death.
Source: Horvitz Lab, C. elegans studies (Nobel 2002)
The 2002 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine went to three laureates—Brenner, Sulston, and Horvitz—for apoptosis research. Key stats include 131 apoptotic events in the C. elegans hermaphrodite and >50% conserved genes between humans and C. elegans.
Brenner, Sulston, Horvitz
In C. elegans hermaphrodite
Human & C. elegans homology Source: Nobel Prize Organization & Scientific Literature
The slide describes apoptosis via two pathways: the extrinsic pathway, triggered by extracellular ligands binding death receptors (e.g., Fas, TNFR1), recruiting FADD to activate caspase-8 through DISC formation, and mitochondria-independent. The intrinsic pathway is initiated by intracellular stress (e.g., DNA damage), with Bcl-2 family proteins regulating mitochondrial cytochrome c release to form an apoptosome and activate caspase-9, converging on effector caspases.
| Extrinsic Pathway (Death Receptors) | Intrinsic Pathway (Mitochondrial) |
|---|---|
| Triggered by extracellular ligands binding death receptors (e.g., Fas, TNFR1). Recruits FADD and activates initiator caspase-8 via DISC formation. Amplifies signal through Bid cleavage or direct effector caspase activation. Mitochondria-independent. | Initiated by intracellular stress (DNA damage, hypoxia). Bcl-2 family regulates MOMP, releasing cytochrome c. Forms apoptosome with Apaf-1, activating caspase-9. Converges on effector caspases for demolition phase. |
Source: Adapted from Molecular Biology of the Cell, Alberts et al.
This slide, titled "Role in Development," shows an image of apoptotic cells visible in C. elegans embryo microscopy. It outlines apoptosis's key roles in digit formation, neural sculpting and refinement, and maintaining tissue homeostasis balance.
Source: C. elegans embryo apoptotic cells
Apoptosis is essential in health for tissue sculpting during embryogenesis and immune cell selection to maintain tolerance. In disease, cancer cells evade it to promote tumor survival, while excess causes neuron loss in neurodegeneration.
The slide summarizes apoptosis as crucial for development, crediting Nobel-winning work by Brenner, Sulston, and Horvitz for illuminating its mechanisms. It includes thanks to these scientists and ends with "Questions?"
Apoptosis crucial for development; Nobel work illuminated mechanisms. Thanks to Brenner, Sulston, Horvitz.
Questions?
Source: 2002 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
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