This title slide presents "From Stigma to Support: Building Inclusive Strategies for Depression." It credits Thressa Welsh, Mental Health Advocate, as the presenter.

From Stigma to Support: Building Inclusive Strategies for Depression

Presenter - Thressa Welsh, Mental Health Advocate

This timeline outlines the historical evolution of understanding depression, starting with Hippocrates linking it to black bile around 400 BC. It progresses through medieval stigma as demonic possession, 19th-century asylums, and Freud's psychoanalytic theories circa 1900.

Historical Understanding

c. 400 BC: Hippocrates Identifies Melancholy Ancient Greece: Father of Medicine links depression to bodily humors like black bile. Middle Ages: Stigma of Demonic Possession Depression seen as moral failing, sin, or supernatural punishment by evil spirits. 19th Century: Era of Asylums Emerges Institutionalization in poor-condition asylums for the mentally ill becomes common. c. 1900: Freud's Psychoanalytic Breakthrough Sigmund Freud explores unconscious conflicts as roots of depressive disorders.

Source: Key Milestones in Depression History

The "Change Over Time" slide illustrates depression's evolution from stigma barriers hindering discussion and treatment. It highlights progress via research advances uncovering biological roots, policy reforms ensuring parity and access, and awareness campaigns reducing stigma.

Change Over Time

{ "features": [ { "icon": "🚧", "heading": "Stigma Barriers", "description": "Early misconceptions created hurdles to open discussion and treatment." }, { "icon": "🔬", "heading": "Research Advances", "description": "Scientific breakthroughs revealed biological roots of depression." }, { "icon": "⚖️", "heading": "Policy Reforms", "description": "Laws ensured mental health parity and better access." }, { "icon": "📣", "heading": "Awareness Campaigns", "description": "Public efforts reduced stigma and promoted help-seeking." } ] }

The slide "Contemporary Perspectives" explores modern views on depression through an image. It lists key factors: biological brain chemistry, psychological thought patterns, social influences on emotional health, and universal impacts across diverse backgrounds.

Contemporary Perspectives

!Image

• Depression involves biological brain chemistry
• Psychological factors shape thought patterns
• Social influences affect emotional health
• Impacts diverse backgrounds universally

Source: Biopsychosocial model

The slide "Theoretical Frameworks" features Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on the left as an evidence-based approach to restructure distorted thoughts and behaviors for healthier emotions (brain icon). On the right, it presents the Biopsychosocial Model, a holistic framework integrating biological, psychological, and social influences on depression for comprehensive treatment (interconnected icons).

Theoretical Frameworks

Source: From Stigma to Support: Building Inclusive Strategies for Depression — Thressa Welsh, Mental Health Advocate

The slide "Misinformation & Stigma" highlights how social media rapidly spreads misinformation and fake news that reinforce depression stigma stereotypes. This equally impacts diverse populations, hindering support efforts.

Misinformation & Stigma

!Image

• Social media feeds spread misinformation rapidly
• Fake news reinforces depression stigma stereotypes
• Impacts diverse populations equally, hindering support

Source: Wikipedia: Fake news

Peer-reviewed research shows neuroimaging evidence of structural brain changes and 40% genetic heritability. Therapies achieve 60-70% efficacy, while early intervention reduces recurrence.

Peer-Reviewed Research

• Neuroimaging reveals structural brain changes
• Genetics contribute 40% heritability
• Therapies show 60-70% efficacy
• Early intervention reduces recurrence

Source: Peer-reviewed journals

The "Multidisciplinary Perspectives" slide features a grid of four viewpoints: Clinical (diagnosis, therapy, and patient care), Physiological (biological mechanisms, genetics, and neurochemistry), Educational (training, curricula, and outreach), and Public Health (policies, prevention, and interventions). It emphasizes integrated approaches across medicine, biology, education, and community health.

Multidisciplinary Perspectives

{ "features": [ { "icon": "🩺", "heading": "Clinical Perspective", "description": "Medical diagnosis, therapy, and patient-centered care integration." }, { "icon": "🧬", "heading": "Physiological Perspective", "description": "Exploring biological mechanisms, genetics, and neurochemistry." }, { "icon": "📚", "heading": "Educational Perspective", "description": "Building awareness via training, curricula, and outreach programs." }, { "icon": "🌍", "heading": "Public Health Perspective", "description": "Population-level policies, prevention, and community interventions." } ] }

The "Ethical Principles" slide features a grid of four core medical ethics principles, each with an icon and description. They include Respect Autonomy (empowering self-choice and consent), Promote Beneficence (maximizing patient benefits), Uphold Nonmaleficence (preventing harm), and Ensure Justice (fair access for all).

Ethical Principles

{ "features": [ { "icon": "👤", "heading": "Respect Autonomy", "description": "Empower self-choice and informed consent in all treatment decisions." }, { "icon": "❤️", "heading": "Promote Beneficence", "description": "Maximize benefits to enhance patient well-being and recovery outcomes." }, { "icon": "🛡️", "heading": "Uphold Nonmaleficence", "description": "Prevent harm and minimize risks in every intervention and practice." }, { "icon": "⚖️", "heading": "Ensure Justice", "description": "Guarantee fair access and equitable care for diverse populations." } ] }

Source: Bioethics Core Principles

The "General Developmental Factors" feature grid slide outlines depression risks across life stages. It highlights childhood irritability disrupting play, adolescent hormonal and peer pressures, early adult career/relationship stresses, and late-life losses/isolation/health declines.

General Developmental Factors

{ "features": [ { "icon": "🧸", "heading": "Childhood Vulnerabilities", "description": "Irritability and withdrawal disrupt play, signaling early depression risks." }, { "icon": "📈", "heading": "Adolescent Growth Risks", "description": "Hormonal shifts and peer pressure heighten mood disorder susceptibility." }, { "icon": "💼", "heading": "Early Adult Transitions", "description": "Career and relationship stresses elevate depression in young professionals." }, { "icon": "🧓", "heading": "Late Adult Wisdom", "description": "Loss, isolation, and health declines increase risks in later life." } ] }

Source: Developmental Psychology Research

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), such as abuse or household dysfunction, strongly link to adult depression by disrupting neurodevelopment. Adolescent brain changes, with prefrontal cortex maturation into the mid-20s, impair impulse control and heighten depression risk from stress and social pressures.

Specific Developmental Factors

Implementation challenges highlighted on the slide include persistent stigma that deters help-seeking behaviors. Limited access in underserved areas and technology gaps further restrict care delivery by widening the digital divide.

Implementation Challenges

• Persistent stigma barriers deter help-seeking behaviors
• Limited access in underserved areas restricts care delivery
• Technology gaps widen the digital divide

Source: From Stigma to Support: Building Inclusive Strategies for Depression

Research adds value to solutions by improving healthcare systems, care models, and identifying demographic disparities. It drives innovation in treatments and technology while ensuring evidence-based progress.

Value of Research in Solutions

• Improves healthcare systems and care models
• Identifies disparities across demographics
• Drives innovation in treatments and technology
• Ensures evidence-based progress in solutions

The Collaborative Care Model workflow outlines five phases: primary care assessment and PHQ-9 screening by the Primary Care Provider, referral by the Care Coordinator, integrated treatment by the team, and follow-up monitoring. Each phase specifies its description and responsible owner for coordinated mental health care.

The Collaborative Care Model

{ "headers": [ "Phase", "Description", "Owner" ], "rows": [ [ "Primary Care", "Initial patient consultation and holistic assessment", "Primary Care Provider" ], [ "Screening", "Conduct depression screening with validated tools (e.g., PHQ-9)", "Primary Care Provider" ], [ "Mental Health Referral", "Refer to specialist for positive screens with shared care plan", "Care Coordinator" ], [ "Integrated Treatment", "Joint treatment plan with medication, therapy, and support", "Integrated Care Team" ], [ "Follow-up", "Regular monitoring, adjustments, and patient check-ins", "Care Team" ] ] }

Source: Collaborative Care Model Standards

The slide depicts a four-phase workflow for implementing the proposed solution, starting with community screenings by Health Workers, followed by outreach programs led by Specialists. It continues with tailored treatments from Multidisciplinary Clinicians and ends with ongoing support networks via Peer Groups, each with specific key activities.

Proposed Solution in Action

{ "headers": [ "Phase", "Owner", "Key Activities" ], "rows": [ [ "1. Screening in Communities", "Community Health Workers", "Conduct accessible screenings using culturally sensitive tools to identify at-risk individuals early." ], [ "2. Outreach Programs", "Outreach Specialists", "Deliver education and engagement programs tailored to diverse groups, reducing barriers to help-seeking." ], [ "3. Tailored Treatment", "Multidisciplinary Clinicians", "Provide personalized interventions like CBT, medication, and therapy based on biopsychosocial assessments." ], [ "4. Ongoing Support Networks", "Peer Support Groups", "Establish and maintain community networks for long-term monitoring, relapse prevention, and empowerment." ] ] }