This title slide is titled "Nickel: A Strategic Mineral Commodity." Its subtitle highlights nickel's vital role in stainless steel, EV batteries, and the clean energy transition.

Nickel: A Strategic Mineral Commodity

Exploring nickel's vital role in stainless steel, EV batteries, and clean energy transition.

Source: USGS, 2023

This agenda slide outlines a presentation on nickel, beginning with an introduction to its properties and strategic importance. It covers global production and supply, nickel's roles in stainless steel and EV batteries, and concludes with clean energy applications, market trends, challenges, and a summary.

Presentation Agenda

1. 1. Introduction to Nickel

Overview of nickel's properties and strategic importance.

2. 2. Production & Supply

Global production, key suppliers, and supply dynamics.

3. 3. Nickel in Stainless Steel

Essential role in stainless steel alloys and properties.

4. 4. Nickel in Batteries

Critical component for lithium-ion EV batteries.

5. 5. Clean Energy & Conclusion

Renewable applications, market trends, challenges, and summary. Source: Nickel: A Strategic Mineral Commodity in Stainless Steel, Batteries, and Clean Energy

This section header slide, titled "Introduction to Nickel" and numbered "01," introduces the topic. It features the subtitle describing nickel as a strategic mineral essential for modern industry.

Introduction to Nickel

01

Introduction to Nickel

Strategic mineral essential for modern industry.

Nickel exhibits superior corrosion resistance and strength at elevated temperatures. It alloys effectively with steel and copper, making it critical for material durability.

Key Properties of Nickel

• Superior corrosion resistance
• Strength at elevated temperatures
• Alloys effectively with steel and copper
• Critical for material durability

Source: Nickel Institute, 2023

In 2023, global nickel production totaled 3.1 million metric tons, with Indonesia leading at a 50% share. Supply has surged 45% since 2018.

Global Nickel Production

• 3.1M: Metric Tons Produced

Global total in 2023

• 50%: Indonesia's Production Share

Leading global producer

• +45%: Supply Growth Since 2018

Significant annual increase Source: USGS, 2024

The slide titled "Nickel Mining & Processing" notes that 70% of nickel supply comes from sulfides and laterites, with prominent laterite operations in Indonesia. It features an image of open-pit extraction for battery-grade nickel ore.

Nickel Mining & Processing

!Image

• 70% of nickel supply from sulfides & laterites
• Prominent laterite mining operations in Indonesia
• Open-pit extraction for battery-grade nickel ore

Source: 70% of supply from sulfides & laterites

This slide serves as the header for Section 06, titled "Nickel in Stainless Steel." It highlights that stainless steel accounts for approximately 65% of global nickel demand.

Nickel in Stainless Steel

06

Nickel in Stainless Steel

Accounting for approximately 65% of global nickel demand

The slide on Stainless Steel Applications features 300-series steels (e.g., 304, 316) using 8-10% nickel for superior corrosion resistance in construction, appliances, and marine environments. It also highlights nickel demand, with stainless steel consuming 1.8M tons in 2023 and projected 2% annual growth (ISSF, 2024).

Stainless Steel Applications

Source: ISSF, 2024

The slide titled "Nickel in Industry" presents a quote from the International Stainless Steel Forum. It highlights nickel as the essential alloying element in stainless steel, delivering corrosion resistance and durability critical to countless global industries.

Nickel in Industry

> Nickel is the essential alloying element in stainless steel, providing the corrosion resistance and durability that make it indispensable across countless industries worldwide.

— International Stainless Steel Forum

Source: International Stainless Steel Forum (2023)

This slide serves as the section header for Section 09, titled "Nickel in Batteries." The subtitle emphasizes "Rising Demand Driven by Electric Vehicles."

Nickel in Batteries

09

Nickel in Batteries

Rising Demand Driven by Electric Vehicles

NMC cathodes rely on 60-80% nickel for high energy density, while LFP alternatives use lower nickel content. EV demand is projected to consume 20% of global nickel by 2025 (Benchmark Minerals, 2024).

Battery Chemistry

• NMC cathodes use 60-80% Ni for high energy density
• LFP alternatives require lower Ni content
• EV demand to consume 20% of Ni by 2025 (Benchmark Minerals, 2024)

Source: Benchmark Minerals, 2024

The "Nickel Battery Evolution" timeline shows nickel's growing role in Li-ion batteries, starting with modest cathode use in 2010, rising via NMC standards for EVs in 2015, and high-nickel (>80% Ni) cathodes by 2020 to boost density and cut cobalt. It projects 500kt annual nickel demand for batteries by 2025 (IEA, 2024).

Nickel Battery Evolution

2010: Early Li-ion Batteries Initial Li-ion batteries with modest nickel use in cathodes (IEA, 2024). 2015: NMC Cathodes Rise Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt cathodes become standard for higher energy EVs. 2020: High-Nickel Cathodes Emerge High-Ni cathodes (>80% Ni) boost density, reducing cobalt reliance. 2025: 500kt Nickel Demand IEA projects 500kt annual nickel demand for batteries (IEA, 2024).

Source: IEA, 2024

Clean Energy Projections highlight nickel demand growing 2.5x by 2030, driven by a 75% increase in the batteries segment. Stainless demand stays stable, with the global nickel market sized at $50B.

Clean Energy Projections

• 2.5x: Nickel Demand Growth

by 2030

• 75%: Batteries Segment Growth

projected increase

• Stable: Stainless Demand Outlook

no major change

• $50B: Total Market Size

global nickel market Source: Wood Mackenzie, 2024

The slide highlights nickel's critical role in net-zero goals and the need for supply security amid geopolitical risks. It recommends investing in recycling and new mines (World Bank, 2023) before prompting "Q&A?"

Strategic Importance & Outlook

Nickel critical for net-zero goals.

Supply security key amid geopolitical risks.

Invest in recycling & new mines.

(World Bank, 2023)

Q&A?

Source: World Bank, 2023