Generated from prompt:
Crea una presentación moderna y profesional titulada 'Espectro de la Esquizofrenia y otros trastornos psicóticos'. Usa un diseño minimalista con fondo azul claro y tipografía moderna (Montserrat/Open Sans). Estructura las diapositivas así: 1. **Portada:** Título, nombre de la autora (Dra. Leslie Robles Jiménez), especialidad (Psicogeriatría / Terapia Sistémica Dialógica). 2. **Agenda:** Generalidades, Dominios alterados, Diagnósticos asociados, Esquizofrenia. 3. **Generalidades:** Explica el concepto de 'espectro', los cinco dominios (delirios, alucinaciones, pensamiento desorganizado, comportamiento anómalo, síntomas negativos). 4. **Dominios (5 diapositivas):** Una por cada dominio con ícono representativo. 5. **Diagnósticos asociados:** Línea de tiempo con Trastorno Delirante, Psicótico Breve, Esquizofreniforme, Esquizofrenia, Esquizoafectivo, y Esquizotípico. 6. **Trastorno Delirante:** Criterios y características principales. 7. **Trastorno Psicótico Breve:** Criterios diagnósticos. 8. **Trastorno Esquizofreniforme:** Duración y diferencias con esquizofrenia. 9. **Esquizofrenia:** Criterios DSM V TR, duración, síntomas. 10. **Factores de riesgo:** División entre factores genéticos y ambientales, visual tipo diagrama. 11. **Tratamiento no farmacológico:** Enfoque psicoterapéutico, rehabilitación psicosocial. 12. **Tratamiento farmacológico:** Comparación de antipsicóticos de primera y segunda generación (gráfico comparativo simplificado). 13. **Trastorno Esquizoafectivo:** Diagrama de Venn entre síntomas psicóticos y afectivos. 14. **Conclusiones:** Resumen visual del espectro. 15. **Cierre:** “Gracias” con contacto de la autora. Usa íconos suaves, paleta azul-verde, y animaciones elegantes. Destinado a un público académico de psicología y psiquiatría.
Modern, minimalist presentation on DSM-5-TR psychotic spectrum: 5 domains (delusions, hallucinations, etc.), associated diagnoses (delusional, brief psychotic, schizophreniform, schizophrenia, schizoa
This title slide, labeled "Portada," features the main topic "Espectro de la Esquizofrenia y otros trastornos psicóticos." The subtitle credits presenter Dra. Leslie Robles Jiménez, specializing in Psicogeriatría and Terapia Sistémica Dialógica.
Dra. Leslie Robles Jiménez Psicogeriatría / Terapia Sistémica Dialógica
Source: Fondo azul claro, íconos suaves.
This agenda slide outlines a presentation on schizophrenia spectrum disorders, starting with general concepts, the spectrum idea, and five main altered domains. It covers associated diagnoses (Delusional, Brief Psychotic, Schizophreniform), schizophrenia DSM-5-TR criteria, risk factors/treatments, and schizoaffective disorder with conclusions.
Concepto de espectro y cinco dominios principales.
Trastorno Delirante, Psicótico Breve y Esquizofreniforme.
Criterios DSM-5-TR, duración y síntomas clave.
Genéticos, ambientales; farmacológicos y psicoterapéuticos.
Diagrama de síntomas y resumen visual. Source: Espectro de la Esquizofrenia y otros trastornos psicóticos
The slide "Generalidades" outlines the psychotic spectrum as a continuum of symptoms from mild to severe, with DSM-5-TR defining five main domains. These domains include delusions (fixed irrational beliefs), hallucinations (perceptions without real stimuli), disorganized thinking, anomalous or catatonic behavior, and negative symptoms (lack of motivation and expression).
Source: DSM-5-TR
The slide "Dominio 1: Delirios" defines delusions as fixed, persistent, and unreal beliefs. It lists examples like persecutory and grandiose types, emphasizing their significant impact on functioning.
Source: Wikipedia
The slide "Dominio 2: Alucinaciones" defines hallucinations as perceptions without real external stimuli. It highlights that they are predominantly auditory in psychosis, with other modalities like visual, tactile, and olfactory, represented by a human ear icon.
Source: Wikipedia
The slide, titled "Dominio 3: Pensamiento desorganizado" (Domain 3: Disorganized Thinking), includes an image and three key points. These highlight incoherent and hard-to-follow speech, constant derailment from the main thought, and significant difficulties in effective communication.
Source: Image from Wikipedia article "Antikythera mechanism"
The slide "Dominio 4: Comportamiento anómalo" outlines anomalous behaviors like catatonia (immobility, rigidity, or strange maintained postures) and intense, uncontrolled psychomotor agitation. It also covers stereotyped/grotesque movements and severely disorganized motor behavior.
Source: Wikipedia
The slide titled "Dominio 5: Síntomas negativos" covers negative symptoms in psychiatry. It lists apathy (lack of interest), anhedonia (inability to feel pleasure), alogia (poverty of speech), and avolition (loss of motivation).
Source: Image from Wikipedia article "Schizophrenia"
This timeline slide outlines associated psychotic diagnoses based on symptom duration, from brief episodes to chronic conditions. It includes Trastorno Psicótico Breve (1 day to <1 month), Trastorno Delirante (≥1 month delusions), Trastorno Esquizofreniforme (1-6 months), Esquizofrenia (≥6 months), and Esquizoafectivo/Esquizotípico (chronic with affective or personality features).
≥1 mes (delirios): Trastorno Delirante Delirios persistentes por al menos 1 mes, sin alucinaciones ni síntomas desorganizados prominentes. 1 día - <1 mes: Trastorno Psicótico Breve Síntomas psicóticos completos que duran de 1 día a menos de 1 mes, con retorno a funcionamiento previo. 1-6 meses: Trastorno Esquizofreniforme Síntomas como en esquizofrenia, pero duración entre 1 y 6 meses; posible evolución a esquizofrenia. ≥6 meses: Esquizofrenia Dos o más síntomas psicóticos por 6 meses continuos, con deterioro significativo en funcionamiento. Crónico + afectivo: Esquizoafectivo y Esquizotípico Esquizoafectivo combina psicosis y ánimo; esquizotípico es patrón personality crónico con ideas extrañas.
Source: DSM-5-TR
Trastorno Delirante features persistent delusions lasting at least one month, without other prominent psychotic symptoms, and intact functioning except for the delusional theme. The main types are persecutory and somatic.
Brief Psychotic Disorder features psychotic symptoms lasting ≥1 day but <1 month, with complete resolution to premorbid functioning. It is often triggered by a marked stressor and requires excluding substances, medical conditions, or other disorders.
Source: DSM-5-TR Criterios diagnósticos
Schizophreniform disorder presents symptoms like those of schizophrenia (delusions, hallucinations, disorganization) but lasts only 1 to 6 months, distinguishing it from schizophrenia's longer duration. It has a better prognosis with remission before 6 months, though it may evolve into chronic schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia requires ≥2 affected domains for ≥6 months, including at least 1 month of active symptoms. Positive symptoms include delusions, hallucinations, and disorganization; negative symptoms include flat affect, avolition, and anhedonia; significant functional deterioration is required.
Source: DSM-5-TR
The slide on "Factores de Riesgo" outlines genetic risk factors, including 80% estimated heritability from polygenic interactions confirmed by twin and adoption studies. Environmental risks encompass cannabis use (especially in adolescence), urban stress/migration, obstetric complications, and their amplifying interaction with genetic predisposition.
| Genéticos | Ambientales |
|---|---|
| Heredabilidad estimada en 80%. Poligénicos: múltiples genes de bajo efecto individual interactúan para aumentar vulnerabilidad. Estudios de gemelos y adopción confirman fuerte componente hereditario. | Consumo de cannabis (especialmente adolescencia), migración/estrés urbano, complicaciones obstétricas (hipoxia perinatal, infecciones maternas). Interacción con predisposición genética amplifica riesgo. |
Source: Espectro de la Esquizofrenia y otros trastornos psicóticos
The slide "Tratamiento No Farmacológico" outlines non-drug treatment options for mental health. Key points include cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), family therapy, psychosocial rehabilitation, community support, and skills training.
First-generation antipsychotics carry a 60% EPS risk (high with haloperidol), dropping to 15% for second-generation (reduced with risperidone), while second-generation dominate 25% metabolic risks. Both generations show a similar 80% efficacy rate.
Haloperidol alto riesgo
Risperidona reducida
2da gen predominante
Similar ambas generaciones Source: Meta-análisis clínicos (Leucht et al.)
The slide, titled "Trastorno Esquizoafectivo," outlines key features of schizoaffective disorder. It highlights simultaneous psychotic and affective symptoms, psychosis lasting ≥2 weeks without mood symptoms, and concurrent depression or mania with psychosis.
Source: Schizoaffective disorder
The conclusion slide presents the psychotic spectrum as a dimensional continuum. It highlights precise differential diagnosis and essential integral treatment as keys to success, ending with thanks for attention.
**Espectro Psicótico: Continuum Dimensional
Clave para el éxito:
Gracias por su atención.
This closing title slide, titled "Cierre," thanks the audience with "¡Gracias por su atención!" It includes contact details for Dra. Leslie Robles Jiménez.
Contacto: Dra. Leslie Robles Jiménez
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