This title slide introduces "EMT-Scope Field Care for Heart Failure and Acute Myocardial Infarction." It highlights BLS protocols, assessment techniques, and interventions as the key focus.

EMT-Scope Field Care

for Heart Failure and Acute Myocardial Infarction

BLS Protocols, Assessment, and Interventions

Source: EMT Classroom Training Presentation

This section header slide introduces the topic of EMT-Scope Field Care for Heart Failure and Acute Myocardial Infarction. It covers Section 1: Introduction & Scope (01), focusing on defining EMT/BLS scope through model guidance and protocol variability.

EMT-Scope Field Care for Heart Failure and Acute Myocardial Infarction

01

1. Introduction & Scope

Defining EMT/BLS Scope with Model Guidance and Protocol Variability

Source: NREMT, NAEMSP Model Guidance

• Heart failure: Heart cannot pump blood effectively.
• Left-sided: Pulmonary congestion, fluid in lungs 🫁 (diagram).
• Right-sided: Systemic edema, peripheral swelling 🦵 (diagram).
• CHF: Both sides affected, combined symptoms 👤 (diagram).

The slide on Left-Sided Heart Failure outlines key signs like dyspnea, crackles, orthopnea, and fatigue, with assessments including low SpO2, diminished lung sounds, tachycardia, and hypertension via prompt vital checks and lung auscultation. Interventions emphasize high-flow oxygen, upright positioning, and rapid transport, while limiting BLS to no loop diuretics and requiring ALS for advanced care like CPAP or nitro.

3. Left-Sided Heart Failure

| Signs: Dyspnea, crackles, orthopnea, fatigue. Assessment: Low SPO2, diminished lung sounds, tachycardia, hypertension. Check vitals and lung auscultation promptly. | Interventions: High-flow O2, upright positioning, rapid transport. Limits: No loop diuretics (BLS scope). Call ALS for advanced care like CPAP/nitro. |

Source: EMT-Scope Field Care for Heart Failure and Acute Myocardial Infarction

Right-sided heart failure presents with signs like jugular vein distension (JVD) and peripheral edema. Assessment involves checking peripheral pulses, edema, and JVD, while interventions include high-flow oxygen, leg elevation, and rapid transport.

4. Right-Sided Heart Failure

• Signs: Jugular Vein Distension (JVD), peripheral edema 🔍
• Assessment: Check peripheral pulses, edema, JVD 📋
• Interventions: High-flow O2, elevate legs, rapid transport 💨

Source: EMT-Scope Field Care for Heart Failure and Acute Myocardial Infarction

This workflow slide outlines the emergency management of Congestive Heart Failure and Acute Pulmonary Edema in four steps: assess symptoms like frothy sputum and dyspnea to identify left-sided failure; provide high-flow oxygen via NRB mask and position the patient upright to reduce preload and improve oxygenation. It continues with applying CPAP and nitroglycerin if permitted while calling for ALS intercept, followed by rapid transport with frequent vital sign monitoring for time-critical hospital care.

5. Congestive Heart Failure & Acute Pulmonary Edema

Source: EMT-Scope Field Care for Heart Failure and Acute Myocardial Infarction

The slide outlines Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) management in a table, listing typical symptoms like chest pain and atypical ones such as jaw pain or nausea, alongside assessment steps including OPQRST/SAMPLE history, vital signs, and ECG if available. It details BLS treatments like oxygen as needed, 324mg chewed aspirin, nitro if allowed by protocol, and rapid transport to a PCI center, with EMT actions noted such as checking meds.

6. Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)

Source: EMT-Scope Field Care Guidelines

The EMT-Scope Checklist slide summarizes key interventions for emergency cardiac or respiratory cases, including high-flow O2 to improve oxygenation, aspirin/nitro for AMI or chest pain, and CPAP for pulmonary edema. It also covers upright patient positioning, rapid transport to the nearest facility, and calling ALS for respiratory failure, instability, or protocol triggers.

7. Summary: EMT-Scope Checklist

Source: EMT-Scope Field Care for Heart Failure and Acute Myocardial Infarction