This title slide, named "Linux Basics," displays the main text "Welcome to Linux Basics." Its subtitle reads "A Beginner’s Guide to Essential Concepts for Workshops."

Welcome to Linux Basics

A Beginner’s Guide to Essential Concepts for Workshops.

This timeline traces Linux's history from Richard Stallman's GNU Project launch in 1983 and Linus Torvalds' kernel release in 1991. It highlights early distros like Slackware in 1993, Ubuntu's desktop popularity in 2004, and Linux's current dominance in servers, Android, and supercomputers.

Brief History

1983: Stallman Starts GNU Project Richard Stallman launches GNU for free Unix-like software. 1991: Torvalds Releases Linux Kernel Linus Torvalds announces the first Linux kernel source. 1993: First Distros Like Slackware Early distributions simplify Linux installation and setup. 2004: Ubuntu Popularizes Linux Desktops User-friendly Ubuntu brings Linux to everyday users. Today: Powers Servers and Android Linux runs most servers, Android devices, and supercomputers.

The slide "Popular Linux Distros" features a table listing four distributions and their key focuses. Ubuntu emphasizes user-friendliness, Fedora cutting-edge features, Debian stability, and Arch customizability.

Popular Linux Distros

{ "headers": [ "Distro", "Focus" ], "rows": [ [ "Ubuntu", "User-friendly" ], [ "Fedora", "Cutting-edge" ], [ "Debian", "Stable" ], [ "Arch", "Customizable" ] ] }

The slide titled "Shells" defines a shell as a command-line interface (CLI) for system interaction. It lists Bash as the default on most Linux distributions, Zsh for enhanced features and customization, and Fish for user-friendly autosuggestions.

Shells

• Shell: Command-line interface (CLI) for system interaction
• Bash: Default on most Linux distributions
• Zsh: Enhanced features and customization
• Fish: User-friendly autosuggestions

Source: Linux Basics Presentation

The slide "Directory Structure" depicts key Linux filesystem directories via an image. It lists /home for user files, /etc for configs, /bin for essential binaries, /var for logs, and /usr for apps and libraries.

Directory Structure

!Image

• /home: User home directories and files
• /etc: System configuration files
• /bin: Essential command binaries
• /var: Logs and variable data
• /usr: Installed applications and libraries

Source: Image from Wikipedia article "Filesystem Hierarchy Standard"

This slide on File Operations lists key Unix commands: ls to list files/directories, cd to change directories, and mkdir to create directories. It also covers rm for safe file removal (-i option), cp/mv for copying/moving files, and urges safe practice.

File Operations

• ls: List files and directories
• cd: Change current directory
• mkdir: Create new directory
• rm: Remove files (use -i for safety)
• cp/mv: Copy or move files
• Practice safely!

Source: Linux Basics Presentation

The slide "Path Types" contrasts absolute and relative paths in a two-column layout. Absolute paths start with '/' for the full root location (e.g., /home/user/file.txt), while relative paths reference the current directory using './' or '../' (e.g., ../docs/note.txt).

Path Types

| Begins with '/' – specifies full location from root directory.

Example: /home/user/file.txt | Relative to current directory. Uses './' (current) or '../' (parent).

Example: ../docs/note.txt |

This slide presents a workflow table for I/O redirection in shell commands, covering four steps with syntax, purpose, and examples. It details redirecting STDOUT to a file (overwriting with > or appending with >>), STDIN from a file (<), and STDERR to a file (2>).

I/O Redirection

{ "headers": [ "Step", "Syntax", "Purpose", "Example" ], "rows": [ [ "1. Redirect STDOUT", "> file", "Sends normal output to file (overwrites)", "ls > list.txt" ], [ "2. Redirect STDIN", "< file", "Reads input from a file", "sort < list.txt" ], [ "3. Append Output", ">> file", "Appends output to file (no overwrite)", "ls >> list.txt" ], [ "4. Redirect STDERR", "2> file", "Sends errors to a file", "ls nonexistent 2> errors.txt" ] ] }

Source: Command > file (stdout to file) Command < file (stdin from file) Command >> file (append) Command 2> err (stderr to err) Example: ls > list.txt

This slide explains Unix pipes in a four-step workflow. It shows running ls to list files, piping stdout to grep txt for filtering, and displaying the final results in the terminal.

Pipes

{ "headers": [ "Step", "Action", "Details" ], "rows": [ [ "1. Run First Command", "Generate output", "ls → lists files (stdout)" ], [ "2. Pipe Data", "Redirect stdout to stdin", "| → sends output to next command" ], [ "3. Process Input", "Filter or sort data", "grep txt → shows lines with 'txt'" ], [ "4. Display Result", "Output to terminal", "Final filtered list appears" ] ] }

Source: Chain commands: cmd1 | cmd2 Ex: ls | grep txt ls -l | sort ps aux | grep python

The "Permissions" slide features a table mapping binary, octal, and symbolic notations to file access rights. It lists full access (111/7/rwx: read+write+execute), read+execute (101/5/r-x), read-only (100/4/r--), and no access (000/0/---).

Permissions

{ "headers": [ "Binary", "Octal", "Symbolic", "Access" ], "rows": [ [ "111", "7", "rwx", "read + write + execute" ], [ "101", "5", "r-x", "read + execute" ], [ "100", "4", "r--", "read only" ], [ "000", "0", "---", "no access" ] ] }

Source: Linux File Permissions

This slide on "Searching Files" lists key Unix commands like find and locate for finding files by name, grep for searching text inside files, which for locating executables in PATH, and updatedb to refresh the locate database. It provides practical examples for efficient file searching.

Searching Files

• find /path -name ".txt" – Search files by name
• locate keyword – Quickly find files by name
• grep "text" file – Search text inside files
• which command – Locate executable in PATH
• updatedb – Update locate database

Source: Linux Basics Presentation*

The conclusion slide celebrates mastering Linux basics with enthusiasm. It suggests next steps: practice in the terminal, explore man pages, and join Q&A.

Conclusion & Next Steps

Mastered Linux Basics! 🚀

Practice in terminal. Explore man pages. Q&A time.