Southern Europe's Path: Dictatorship to Democracy Post-WWII

Generated from prompt:

Оңтүстік және Солтүстік Еуропа мемлекеттері: диктатура және демократия Кіріспе: Испания, Португалия және Грецияда соғыстан кейінгі диктатура және демократиялық саяси жағдайы Испанияда Франциско Франконың диктатурасы Португалияда капитандар ұйымының дүзілуі Константин Салдаристің монархияны дүзіуге кірісуі 1975-жыл Франциско Франконың өлімінен соң Хуан Карлос I тақтқа келуі және демократияны бастап беруі Диктатура мен демократияның әлеуметтік-экономикалық салдары Португалияда 1974-жылы Қалампыр революциясы Грецияның соғыстан кейінгі мемлекет жағадайы Қорытынды және негізгі ойлар

This presentation analyzes post-WWII dictatorships in Spain (Francoist regime), Portugal (Estado Novo), and Greece (military junta), key events like the Carnation Revolution, transitions led by figures such as Juan Carlos I and Karamanlis, socio-эkоn

February 25, 202616 slides

Slide 1 of 16

Slide 1 - Southern and Northern European Countries: Dictatorship and Democracy

Оңтүстік және Солтүстік Еуропа мемлекеттері: диктатура және демократия

Post-WWII Dictatorships and Democratic Transitions in Spain, Portugal, and Greece

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Slide 1 - Southern and Northern European Countries: Dictatorship and Democracy

Slide 2 of 16

Slide 2 - Presentation Agenda

Introduction: Post-war dictatorship and democracy in Spain, Portugal, and Greece
Franco's Dictatorship in Spain
Formation of the Captains' Organization in Portugal
Konstantinos Karamanlis's attempt to establish monarchy
1975: Juan Carlos I ascends after Franco's death and initiates democracy
Socio-economic consequences of dictatorship and democracy
1974 Carnation Revolution in Portugal
Greece's post-war political situation and transition to democracy

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Slide 3 of 16

Slide 3 - Section 1: Introduction

Introduction

Dictatorship and Democracy in Spain, Portugal, and Greece after WWII

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Slide 4 of 16

Slide 4 - Post-WWII Political Landscape

Spain, Portugal, and Greece faced authoritarian regimes after World War II
Spain: Francoist dictatorship (1936-1975) after Civil War victory in 1939
Portugal: Estado Novo dictatorship under Salazar, ended by 1974 Carnation Revolution
Greece: Military junta (1967-1974), followed by restoration of democracy
All countries successfully transitioned to parliamentary democracies in the 1970s

Source: Wikipedia: Francoist Spain

Slide 5 of 16

Slide 5 - Francoist Spain

Franco's Dictatorship in Spain

From Civil War Victory to Economic Miracle and Repression (1936-1975)

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Slide 6 of 16

Slide 6 - Key Events in Francoist Spain

1936: Spanish Civil War Begins Franco emerges as leader of Nationalists, supported by Germany, Italy, Portugal 1939: Civil War Ends Franco rules entire Spain; White Terror repression begins 1947: Law of Succession Spain becomes de jure kingdom; Franco head of state for life 1950s: Economic Reforms Abandon autarky; Opus Dei technocrats lead 'Spanish Miracle' growth 1955: UN Membership International isolation ends; Cold War anti-communism aids recognition 1975: Franco's Death Juan Carlos I becomes king, initiates transition to democracy

Source: Wikipedia: Francoist Spain

Slide 7 of 16

Slide 7 - Nature of the Regime

> The Francoist dictatorship originally took a form described as 'fascist or quasi-fascist'... As time went on, the regime opened up and became closer to developmental dictatorships.

— Wikipedia: Francoist Spain

Source: Wikipedia: Francoist Spain

Slide 8 of 16

Slide 8 - Portugal: Path to Democracy

Portugal: Captains' Movement and Revolution

Estado Novo Dictatorship Ends with 1974 Carnation Revolution

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Slide 9 of 16

Slide 9 - Carnation Revolution (1974)

Led by Armed Forces Movement (MFA)
Ended 41-year Estado Novo dictatorship
Peaceful transition to democracy
Inspired by colonial wars discontent
Led to decolonization and socialist reforms

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Slide 10 of 16

Slide 10 - Greece: Military Junta and Transition

Greece's Post-War Situation

From Civil War to Military Dictatorship (1967-1974) and Democracy

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Slide 10 - Greece: Military Junta and Transition

Slide 11 of 16

Slide 11 - Key Phases in Greece

1946-1949: Greek Civil War - Nationalists defeat Communists
1967: Military coup establishes 'Regime of the Colonels' dictatorship
1967: King Constantine II attempts counter-coup, fails and goes into exile
1973: Junta declares republic
1974: Junta collapses after Cyprus crisis; Konstantinos Karamanlis leads transition
1974 Referendum: Monarchy abolished; parliamentary republic established

Slide 12 of 16

Slide 12 - Spain's Transition to Democracy

Francoist Dictatorship (End)

Franco dies Nov 1975
One-party state, repression (White Terror)
Autarky until 1950s, then 'Spanish Miracle' growth
Isolated post-WWII, joined UN 1955

Democratic Transition

Juan Carlos I king, appoints Suárez
1977 elections, new constitution 1978
Parliamentary monarchy
Integration into Europe, rule of law established

Source: Wikipedia: Spanish transition to democracy

Slide 12 - Spain's Transition to Democracy

Slide 13 of 16

Slide 13 - Comparison of Transitions

Country	Dictatorship Period	Key Transition Event	Post-Transition System
Spain	1939-1975 (Franco)	1975: Franco's death, Juan Carlos I	Constitutional Monarchy (1978)
Portugal	1932-1974 (Estado Novo)	1974: Carnation Revolution	Semi-presidential Republic
Greece	1967-1974 (Junta)	1974: Collapse, Karamanlis return	Parliamentary Republic (monarchy abolished)

Source: Wikipedia sources

Slide 14 of 16

Slide 14 - Socio-Economic Consequences

Dictatorships: Political repression (e.g., White Terror in Spain > Red Terror deaths), autarkic policies leading to depression
Economic shifts: Spain's 1950s reforms sparked 'Spanish Miracle' (2nd fastest growth after Japan)
Democracies: Economic liberalization, EU integration, improved living standards, civil liberties
Social: From totalitarian control to pluralism, regional autonomies, end of exiles and censorship

Source: Wikipedia: Francoist Spain